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Authors
Lee, Matthew
Saxena, Sonam
Zhao, Kelley
Dodd, Cameron
Lee, Randall
Stifelman, Michael
Zhao, Lee
Eun, Daniel D.
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Article History
Received: 26 July 2025
First Online: 4 October 2025
Declarations
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: Matthew Lee, Sonam Saxena, Kelley Zhao, Cameron Dodd and Randall Lee have no disclosures. Michael Stifelman has served on the advisory board for Intuitive Surgical and as a consultant for Vascular Technology, Incorporated. Lee Zhao has served as a consultant for Intuitive Surgical. Daniel Eun is a paid speaker, consultant, and proctor for Intuitive Surgical, on the medical advisory board for Medtronic, a shareholder of Melzi Corp and has received trainee support from Hitachi Medical.
: Ethics approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board at Temple University Hospital under protocol number 24538. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Participants were informed of the study’s objectives, procedures, potential risks and benefits, and their rights, including the right to withdraw at any time. Confidentiality was strictly maintained throughout the study.
