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Authors
Tozsin, Atınç https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9926-6890
Ahmed, Kamran https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5135-9211
Soytürk, Selim https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7237-0966
Pradere, Benjamin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7768-8558
Dasgupta, Prokar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8690-0445
Sönmez, Mehmet Giray https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4615-7348
Keller, Etienne Xavier https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1667-7609
Omar, Muhammad Imran https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1597-3126
Mallet, Richard
Aydın, Abdullatif https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5440-7741
Gadzhiev, Nariman https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6255-0193
Çakır, Ömer Onur https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7499-7227
Vasquez, Juan Luis https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8005-3545
Akgül, Burak https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7931-1594
Arslan, Erkan
Sılay, Selçuk Mesrur https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5091-9654
Sanguedolce, Francesco https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-7060
Roupret, Morgan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8440-7075
Musquera, Mireia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5915-9935
Ralph, David
Colecchia, Maurizio https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1914-0743
Finazzi Agro, Enrico https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0308-8824
Bettocchi, Carlo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4514-3059
Traxer, Olivier https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2459-3803
Tunç, Lütfi
Rassweiler, Jens https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0436-8246
Herrmann, Thomas R. W.
Knoll, Thomas
Güven, Selçuk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5009-8435
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Article History
Received: 10 June 2025
Accepted: 4 November 2025
First Online: 15 November 2025
Declarations
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: Prokar Dasgupta is supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [grant number EP/Y009800/1], through funding from Responsible AI UK (RAI UK). He also acknowledges funding from the Trustworthy Autonomous Systems (TAS) Hub, the Wellcome Trust for Surgical and Interventional Engineering, the London Institute for Healthcare Engineering (LIHE), the Hinduja-King’s Academy, Alberto Recordati, the King’s-Vattikuti Institute, The Urology Foundation and King’s College London (KCL). The remaining authors declare they have no financial interests.
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Necmettin Erbakan University (NEU, ID: 22425).
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: No human subjects or animals were involved in this study.
