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Authors
Cheng, Fangzheng
Wang, Jian
Wang, Dongming
Wang, Pengxiang
Zhang, Yunhe
Song, Guoxin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the shandong natural science foundation project (ZR2022MH276)
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Article History
Received: 18 September 2025
Accepted: 30 January 2026
First Online: 4 March 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant institutional guidelines. The protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University (approval No.: KYLL-202502(YJ)-004; approval date: 2025-02-27). Written informed consent was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of all participants; age-appropriate assent was obtained from children aged ≥ 8 years, in line with institutional policy.
