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Authors
Kohler, Jakob
Buck, Leonhard
Hügelmann, Konrad
Incesu, Reha-Baris
von Knobloch, Hans Christoph
Krumm, Tim
Risch, Julian
Schließer, Patricia
Voran, Jakob Christoph
Weische, Oscar
Weiss, Marie
Jarczyk, Jonas
Nuhn, Philipp
Rodler, Severin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein - Campus Kiel
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Article History
Received: 2 January 2026
Accepted: 10 February 2026
First Online: 17 February 2026
Declarations
:
: Jakob Kohler, Leonhard Buck, Konrad Hügelmann, Reha-Baris Incesu, Hans Christoph von Knobloch, Tim Krumm, Julian Risch, Patricia Schließer, Oscar Weische, Marie Weiss, Jonas Jarczyk, Philipp Nuhn, and Severin Rodler declare that they have no competing interests.
: This retrospective single-center study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel (D 402/25) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. For vital status ascertainment, linkage to official mortality records via the statistical offices of Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein was additionally approved (D 515/25).
: The requirement for individual informed consent was waived by the ethics committee due to the retrospective study design.
: Not applicable. The manuscript does not contain identifiable individual person data.
: ChatGPT (GPT-5.2 Thinking; OpenAI) was used solely for grammar and language editing. No new data were generated, and the tool was not used to derive, analyze, or interpret results. The authors reviewed and take full responsibility for the content of the manuscript.
