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Authors
Guerreiro Júnior, Antônio Basílio
de Lima Cardoso, Deise
Lins, Axell
Kondo, Sabrina Reika Seko
da Cunha Hayasaki, Naoto
da Silva Zamian, Eduardo Machado
de Assis, Alexa Camila Lopes
Felix, Diogo Macola
Viana, Eva Vitória Ferreira
de Araújo Guimarães, Diva Anelie
Muto, Nilton Akio
Hamoy, Moisés
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universidade Federal Do Pará
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Article History
Received: 30 March 2026
Accepted: 15 June 2026
First Online: 27 July 2026
Declarations
Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethical approval: This study did not involve vertebrate animals or any species subject to institutional or national ethical approval requirements. Experimental procedures were conducted exclusively on adult Anteos menippe butterflies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), which are invertebrates not covered by animal welfare legislation or ethical committee regulations. Nevertheless, all manipulations followed internationally accepted principles for the humane treatment of invertebrates, minimizing handling stress and ensuring rapid recovery after anesthesia. The study complies with the ethical standards of the Federal University of Pará (UFPA) and with the principles of the Basel Declaration ( ).
Consent to participate: Not applicable.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
