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Authors
Liu, Yang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8907-4388
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
UK Research and Innovation (EP/Y037103/1)
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Article History
Received: 30 August 2025
Accepted: 2 December 2025
First Online: 2 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
: To replicate the results presented in this work, readers can refer to the MATLAB code provided in the Appendix. Additionally, the source MATLAB code is available for download on GitHub.:
