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Authors
Hu, Peng
Ma, Junjie
Ahmadi, Ahmad Zaki
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University-level Key Projects of Anhui University of Science and Technology (QNZD2021-02)
Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee (2022AH050801)
Scientific Research Foundation for High-level Talents of Anhui University of Science and Technology (13210679)
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Article History
Received: 27 August 2025
Accepted: 16 November 2025
First Online: 10 December 2025
Declarations
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: Hu contributed to the overall algorithm design and led the manuscript writing. Ma was responsible for part of the experiments and the translation of the manuscript. Zaki oversaw the final revision and provided critical review. The authors declare that they have no known financial or non-financial competing interests that could have influenced the work reported in this paper. A link to the code repository is provided in the abstract. All datasets used in this study are public datasets, and their details, along with the corresponding links, are provided in the relevant sections. The datasets, along with the data generated or analyzed during the current study, are available upon reasonable request from the corresponding author. The authors declare no competing interests.
