Document is current

Article History

Received: 10 June 2025

Accepted: 24 September 2025

First Online: 7 October 2025

Declarations

:

: Kayoko Mizuno had been employed by the Department of Digital Health and Epidemiology, which receives support from Eisai Co., Ltd. and Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd. Koji Kawakami receives research funding from AstraZeneca, Eisai Co., Ltd., Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., OMRON Corporation, and Toppan Inc.; consulting fees from Advanced Medical Care Inc., JMDC Inc., Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Ltd., and Ubicom Holdings Inc.; executive compensation from Cancer Intelligence Care Systems, Inc. and Mytreya Inc.; and honoraria from Pharma Business Academy Co., Ltd. and SANSHO Co., Ltd.　The other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

: The study protocol adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Kyoto University Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine (No. R4615).

: As all data were anonymized prior to analysis, the requirement for individual informed consent was waived.