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Authors
Lee, Wei-Chieh https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0585-6134
Chen, Huang-Chung
Fang, Hsiu-Yu
Chen, Yung-Lung
Lin, Chih-Hsien
Huang, Pei-Chieh
Chen, Mien-Cheng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chi Mei Medical Center (CMFHR11164, CMFHR112079, and 112CM-TMU-06)
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Article History
Received: 17 October 2025
Accepted: 14 January 2026
First Online: 16 February 2026
Declarations
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: None.
: All procedures in this study were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national committees responsible for human experimentation, as well as the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and its subsequent revisions. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Chi Mei Medical Center. Given the retrospective nature of the study, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the IRB, as the study involved the analysis of pre-existing medical records without direct patient interaction or intervention.
: All authors agree with this publication.
