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Article History

Received: 25 March 2022

Accepted: 2 July 2022

First Online: 11 July 2022

Declarations

:

: Disclosures outside of the submitted work have been added to the end of the manuscript.

: IRB approval and written consent from each subject were obtained for this study.

: Not applicable.

: Ryan O’Leary, MD: nothing to disclose. T. Barrett Sullivan, MD: nothing to disclose. Carrie E. Bartley, MA: during the conduct of the study; a grant from Mazor Robotics to her institution. Tracey P. Bastrom, MA: during the conduct of the study; a grant from Mazor Robotics to her institution. Vidyadhar V. Upasani, MD: during the conduct of the study; grants from Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation. Outside the submitted work: personal fees from OrthoPediatrics, personal fees from DePuy Synthes Spine, grants from EOS Imaging, grants from nView, personal fees from Orthofix, and personal fees from Wolter Kluwer Health. Peter O. Newton, MD: during the conduct of the study; grants from Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation. Outside the submitted work; grants and others from Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation; other from Rady Children’s Specialists; grants, personal fees, and nonfinancial support from DePuy Synthes Spine; grants and others from SRS; grants from EOS imaging, personal fees from Thieme Publishing; grants from NuVasive; other from Electrocore; personal fees from Cubist; other from International Pediatric Orthopedic Think Tank; grants, nonfinancial support, and others from Orthopediatrics; grants, personal fees, and nonfinancial support from Stryker/K2M; grants and nonfinancial support from Alphatech; grants from Mazor Robotics; personal fees from MiRus; personal fees from Globus Medical; and personal fees from Pacira and from Scoliosis Research Society. In addition, Dr. Newton has a patent anchoring systems and methods for correcting spinal deformities (8540754) with royalties paid to DePuy Synthes Spine, a patent low profile spinal tethering systems (8123749) licensed to DePuy Spine, Inc.; a patent screw placement guide (7981117) licensed to DePuy Spine, Inc.; a patent compressor for use in minimally invasive surgery (7189244) licensed to DePuy Spine, Inc.; and a patent posterior spinal fixation pending to K2M. Burt Yaszay, MD: during the conduct of the study; grants from Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation. Outside the submitted work: grants and personal fees from DePuy Synthes Spine, grants and personal fees from Nuvasive, personal fees from Medtronic, grants and personal fees from Orthopediatrics, grants and personal fees from K2M/Stryker, personal fees from Globus, grants from Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation, and personal fees from Biogen. In addition, Dr. Yaszay has a patent K2M/Stryker with royalties paid.