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Authors
Avendano, John P.
Azad, Tej D.
ElNemer, William
Sponseller, Paul D.
Groves, Mari L.
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Article History
Received: 20 February 2025
Accepted: 19 May 2025
First Online: 10 July 2025
Declarations
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: This study was performed in line with the principes of the Declaration of Helsinki. It was approved by our institutional review board (approval no. NA_00043838).
: Paul D. Sponseller receives IP royalties from DePuy and Globus Medical; publishing royalties and financial or material support from the Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery American; other financial or material support from Orthopediatrics; and is a paid consultant and receives research support from DePuy. No other authors have anything to disclose.
: Paul D. Sponseller is on the editorial board of the Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery American and is a board or committee member of the Scoliosis Research Society. No other authors have non-financial interests to disclose.
: Informed consent was obtained from legal guardians.
: This study was approved by the Johns Hopkins institutional review board, no. NA_00043838.
