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Article History

Received: 21 May 2025

Accepted: 6 July 2025

First Online: 28 July 2025

Declarations

: This research was conducted in full compliance with institutional ethical standards and applicable national regulations.

: All authors confirm that they have abided by the highest ethical standards throughout the planning, conduct, analysis, and reporting of this research. The study was performed in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant institutional and national regulations.

: All individuals listed as authors meet the ICMJE criteria for authorship. Each author contributed substantially to the conception, design, data acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of the study; participated in drafting or critically revising the manuscript; and approved the final version for publication. No honorary or ghost authorship is claimed.

: Due to the retrospective and anonymized nature of the dataset, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the Institutional Ethics Committee in accordance with national regulations and ethical guidelines.

: The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to institutional policies on patient confidentiality but may be made available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request, subject to approval by the relevant data custodians.

: This retrospective study utilized anonymized secondary data obtained from institutional clinical registries. No direct contact with human participants or collection of biological material occurred. All procedures involving human data were approved by the relevant ethics committee and conducted in compliance with national data protection laws.

: The authors declare no competing interests.