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Authors
Ryan, Isabel A.
Chang, Ashley E.
Tolley, Philip D.
Swanson, Jordan W.
Bartlett, Scott P.
Lang, Shih-shan
Heuer, Gregory G.
Taylor, Jesse A.
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Article History
Received: 13 June 2025
Accepted: 15 October 2025
First Online: 26 January 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (IRB 12-009276).
: Informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia.
: Informed consent was provided by the participant(s) or a legally authorized representative for photographs in which the patient is identifiable.
: JAT is a co-founder of Ostiio, LLC. JWS is a consultant for DePuy Synthes and has received educational grants from KLS Martin. All other authors have no disclosures.
