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Authors
Gibbons, Veronica A. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6767-5216
Zdilla, Matthew J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2578-1128
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (5U54GM104942-05)
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Article History
Received: 13 January 2026
Accepted: 8 April 2026
First Online: 17 April 2026
Declarations
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: Research was approved through the Department of Anthropology at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History (CMNH) in October of 2016, and the osteological collection was examined November 23, 2016. The specimens described in this report originated from individuals who died between the years 1916 and 1951 in Baltimore, Maryland. The remains were gathered by Johns Hopkins University anatomist Adolph H. Schultz. Subsequently, in 1973, the bony remains were transferred to the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. The Johns Hopkins Fetal Cranial Collection is a legacy anatomical collection, with a museum as its custodian, wherein records of informed consent from parents/guardians are not found in archival records.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
