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Authors
Dey, Dipanjan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9588-4042
Joseph, Ligin
Ray, Arkaprava
Marsh, Robert
Skliris, Nikolaos
Turner, Andrew G.
Ayantika, D. C.
Mukhopadhyay, Parthasarathi
Chakraborty, Arun
Sil, Sourav
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Southampton (Global Partnership Award 2023/24)
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Article History
Received: 22 January 2025
Accepted: 24 April 2025
First Online: 13 May 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no Conflict of interest
: Not applicable
: ERA5 hourly data on single levels has been accessed through Copernicus Climate Change Service (2023): ERA5 hourly data on single levels from 1940 to present. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS), (Accessed on 21-SEP-2023). ERA5 model level analysis data is taken from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (2021): ECMWF ERA5: model level analysis parameter data. Centre for Environmental Data Analysis, 04-AUG-2024. . The trajectory files used to generate the figures in the present study are now put in an open source website at
: Not applicable
: The Lagrangian tracing model TRACMASS is open access and can be download through and also using the open source repository in
