Li, Renwei
Zhang, Mingyi
Wang, Guoqiang
Pei, Wansheng
Cheng, Yuhang
Liu, Meiqi
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U21A2012)
the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB0950000)
the Science and Technology program of Gansu Province (23ZDFA017)
the Program for Top Leading Talents of Gansu Province (the Program for Top Leading Talents of Gansu Province)
the Program of the State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, CAS (CSFSE-KF-2408)
the Water Conservancy Scientific Experiment, Research and Technology Promotion Plan of Gansu Province (23GSLK083)
Article History
Received: 21 March 2025
Accepted: 7 July 2025
First Online: 2 September 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors collectively declare that there are no financial and non-financial interests among us to influence the contents reported in this study. All findings supporting this work have been listed in the acknowledgements section.