He, Jie
Wang, Puyu
Li, Hongliang
Zhou, Ping
Mu, Jianxin
Wang, Fanglong
Chen, Puchen
Yu, Fengchen
Dai, Yuping
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (42371148, 42301168)
Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y2021110)
Strategic Priority Research Program on Basic and Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB0950201)
Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province (25JRRA542)
Program of the State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering (CSFSE-TZ-2412)
Article History
Received: 12 June 2024
Accepted: 22 September 2025
First Online: 17 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The contact author has declared that none of the authors has any competing interests.