Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2024YQ013)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42230405)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42476008)
Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Polar Science (No. SOO2025-01)
Science and Technology Innovation Foundation of Laoshan Laboratory (No. LSKJ202202401)
Article History
Received: 1 July 2025
Accepted: 10 March 2026
First Online: 27 March 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.