Vogel, Adam M.
Zhang, Jingwen
Mauldin, Patrick D.
Williams, Regan F.
Huang, Eunice Y.
Santore, Matthew T.
Tsao, Kuojen
Falcone, Richard A.
Dassinger, M. Sidney
Haynes, Jeffrey H.
Blakely, Martin L.
Russell, Robert T.
Naik-Mathuria, Bindi J.
St Peter, Shawn D.
Mooney, David
Upperman, Jeffrey S.
Streck, Christian J.
Article History
Accepted: 3 November 2018
First Online: 13 November 2018
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: Adam M. Vogel, MD declares that he has no conflict of interest. Jingwen Zhang, MS declares that he has no conflict of interest. Patrick D. Mauldin, PhD declares that he has no conflict of interest. Regan F. Williams, MD declares that she has no conflict of interest. Eunice Y. Huang, MD, MS declares that she has no conflict of interest. Matthew T. Santore, MD declares that he has no conflict of interest. Kuojen Tsao, MD declares that he has no conflict of interest. Richard A. Falcone, MD, MPH declares that he has no conflict of interest. M Sidney Dassinger, MD declares that he has no conflict of interest. Jeffrey H. Haynes, MD declares that he has no conflict of interest. Martin L. Blakely, MD, MS declares that he has no conflict of interest. Robert T. Russell, MD, MPH declares that he has no conflict of interest. Bindi J. Naik-Mathuria, MD, MPH declares that she has no conflict of interest. Shawn D. St Peter, MD declares that he has no conflict of interest. David Mooney, MD, MPH declares that he has no conflict of interest. Jeffrey S. Upperman, MD declares that he has no conflict of interest. Christian J. Streck, MD declares that he has no conflict of interest.
: This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. IRB approval was obtained at each participating institution.
: As a prospective, observational study, the study was deemed minimal risk and the need for informed consent was waived by participating center IRBs.