Luehmann, Natalie C.
Pastewski, Jacquelyn M.
Cirino, Jennifer A.
Al-Hadidi, Ameer
DeMare, Alexander M.
Riggs, Thomas W.
Novotny, Nathan M.
Akay, Begum http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1215-0359
Article History
Accepted: 6 August 2019
First Online: 21 August 2019
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee (Institutional Review Board, approval #2017-258) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: Our study used retrospective and prospective data available in the electronic medical record. The written authorization permitting disclosure of protected health information for research purposes, previously obtained from each patient, was utilized as consent for our use of these data. The authorization permits the use of patient medical record information, obtained in the normal course of patient care, for research purposes, such as this study, in the future. There was no direct contact with patients during the study. All patient data were de-identified following extraction from medical records, and subsequent import into a secure database, to ensure patient confidentiality.