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Authors
Liu, Yuhui https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9701-7092
Meng, Tingting https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3023-9276
Ma, Shuang https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4569-6159
Zheng, Yanqing https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2149-8634
Miao, Yutang https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7216-1026
Zhang, Tao https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0023-3755
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Article History
Accepted: 17 February 2025
First Online: 28 February 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
: This retrospective cohort analysis relied on anonymous patient data from the SEER database, thereby obviating the requirement for informed consent. The research was performed in adherence to the ethical guidelines of the institutional research committee and conformed to the principles of the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its subsequent modifications. Furthermore, the study obtained ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Dezhou Hospital, with approval number 2024088.
