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Authors
Al Blooshi, Mohammed
Ahmad, Munir
Al Shamali, Fadi
Uddin, Wajeeh
Jaber, Ghadir
Al Marzouqi, Mamoun
Hiremath, Avinash
Kader, Masih Abdul
Gupta, Vipul
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Article History
Accepted: 2 June 2025
First Online: 12 June 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This retrospective observational study analysed de-identified medical-record data from paediatric patients with empyema; no animal subjects were involved. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Dubai Health Authority Institutional Review Board in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.
: Because the study used anonymised, retrospectively collected data, the Institutional Review Board waived the requirement for individual informed consent. All patient information was handled with strict confidentiality.
