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Authors
He, Meng https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6925-2925
Wang, Guannan
Li, Ning
Li, Zhenwu
Lin, Defu
liu, Chao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Science and Technology Planning Program of Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission and Administrative Commission of Zhongguancun Science Park (Z231100004823034)
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Article History
Received: 2 June 2025
Accepted: 10 August 2025
First Online: 18 August 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This is a retrospective study involving only patients who underwent surgery in our hospital and no animals are involved. As a hospital affiliated to a university, patients and parents have been told that their clinical information may be used for research, and that their privacy will be protected as much as possible. Informed consent was obtained from all legal guardian of minor patients. This study has been performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the protocol was reviewed and approved by Beijing Childrens Hospitals ethics committee.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
