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Article History

Accepted: 29 March 2023

First Online: 21 April 2023

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects) and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (no. 435/14). The data used in this study were anonymized before use, and the authors were granted permission from the Ethics Committee of Goethe University Frankfurt to generate and use the datasets.

: Not applicable.

: Clara von Savigny, Mazen Juratli, Tatjana Gruber-Rouh, and Teresa Schreckenbach declare that they have no competing interests. Christine Koch reports advisory roles/travel expenditures for Eisai, Astra Zeneca, Roche, Merck, MSD, and BMS. Wolf Bechstein reports consulting fees from Novartis, payment /honoraria for lectures, presentations, speaker bureaus, manuscript writing, and educational events from Astellas, Charité, Chiesi, Deutscher Ärzteverlag, Else-Kröner-Stiftung, European Society of Organ Transplantation (ESOT), Falk Foundation, Gesundheit Österreich GmbH, GORE Deutschland, Medac GmbH, MCI Academy, Novartis, Sanofi, Sanofi-Genzyme, and Sirtex. He reports support for attending meetings and travel from Astellas, Aye Congresse GmbH, Charité, Chiesi, Deutscher Ärzteverlag, Deutscher Krebskongress, GORE Deutschland, Hopscotch Paris, Interplan, MCE, Medupdate GmbH, Novartis, and Springer Verlag; participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board and Advisory Board from Novartis; and leadership and fiduciary role on another board, society, committee or advocacy group, unpaid as past President, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie (DGAV).