Cai, Yibo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0592-3766
Xu, Guohui
Shao, Yanxi
Ma, Dening https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5560-8078
Zhu, Yuping https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5045-3380
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Basic Public Welfare Research Project of Zhejiang Province (LTGY23H160044)
the Medical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province (2023KY567)
the Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province (2024ZL026)
Article History
Received: 10 April 2025
Accepted: 14 August 2025
First Online: 29 August 2025
Declarations
:
: This study utilized anonymized medical records obtained from Zhejiang Cancer Hospital. Informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of Zhejiang Cancer Hospital (approval number: IRB-2025–23 (IIT)) as the data were fully de-identified and contained no personally identifiable information. All data processing adhered to institutional guidelines for protecting participant privacy.
: Consent for publication was obtained from all authors.
: The authors declare no competing interests.