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Authors
Bulut, Alisina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3849-3333
Akın, Muhammed İkbal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9638-4031
Görgülü, Vildan https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5824-1584
Zorlu, Fatma Nazlı https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3510-7890
Karpuz, Şakir https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9245-1404
Coşkun, Mümin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0021-8304
Yeğen, Cumhur https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9231-0940
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Article History
Received: 15 March 2025
Accepted: 8 November 2025
First Online: 18 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Marmara University Clinical Research Ethics Committee (reference number: 25-0162). The ethics committee application stated that no identifiable patient information (e.g., name, national ID numbers, personal details, photographs) would be included, and all data would be anonymized to protect patient privacy. Based on this justification, the Ethics Committee approved that consent to participate was waived for this study.
: As this is a retrospective study without identifiable patient information, patient consent is not required.
: This manuscript does not include any material reproduced or adapted from other sources.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
