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Authors
Huang, Shih-Feng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8037-4074
Tan, Yung-Lin
Hsu, Chao-Wen
Tseng, Hsin-Ping
Miskovic, Danilo
Wu, Chih-Chien https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5791-4047
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Article History
Received: 5 November 2025
Accepted: 30 December 2025
First Online: 26 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Institutional review board (IRB) approval was obtained from Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (Approval No.241028-3). The requirement for informed consent was waived because of the retrospective nature of the study, which involved only data collected from standard clinical care. Patient confidentiality and data privacy were strictly maintained, and all personal identifiers were removed before analysis to ensure anonymity.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
