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Article History

Received: 28 March 2018

Accepted: 16 April 2018

First Online: 27 April 2018

Compliance with ethical standards

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: A German version of this expert opinion paper of the “Heart and Brain” consortium of the German Cardiac Society and the German Stroke Society has been published previously [CitationRef removed]. KGH received lecture honoraria from Bayer HealthCare, Sanofi-Aventis, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Medtronic; honoraria for consulting from Edwards Lifesciences, Bayer HealthCare, Pfizer, EIP Pharma as well as research Grants from Bayer HealthCare and Sanofi-Aventis. KG received lecture honoraria, honoraria for consulting or travel Grants from Bayer HealthCare, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo and Pfizer. MKö received lecture honoraria and honoraria for consulting from Bayer HealthCare, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb and Boehringer Ingelheim. SDA received honoraria from Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Servier and Vifor Int. and research Grants from Abbott Vascular and Vifor Int. MB received research honoraria and lecture honoraria from Boehringer-Ingelheim, Medtronic, St. Jude, Servier, AstraZeneca and Vifor Pharma. JB received lecture honoraria, honoraria for consulting or travel costs from Bayer HealthCare, Daiichi Sankyo, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Sanofi-Aventis, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Medtronic, Biotronik. HCD has received honoraria for the participation in clinical studies and collaboration on advisory boards and lectures from: Abbott, Allergan, AstraZeneca, Bayer Vital, Bristol-Meyers-Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, BrainsGate, CoAxia, Corimmun, Covidien, Daiichi-Sankyo, D-Pharm, Fresenius, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen Cilag, Lilly, Lundbeck, Medtronic, MSD, MindFrame, Neurobiological Technologies, Novartis, Novo-Nordisk, Paion, Parke-Davis, Pfizer, Portola, Sanofi-Aventis, Schering, Servier, Solvay, St-Jude, Syngis, Tacrelis, Thrombogenics and Wyeth. Revenues were transferred to the Essen University Clinical Center to finance research bodies for the Headache Center, the Vertigo Center and the Department of Neurology: AstraZeneca, GSK, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Janssen-Cilag and SanofiAventis. The University Department of Neurology has received research funding from the following institutions: DFG, BMBF, EU, NIH, EAST-AFnet, Bertelsmann Stiftung and Heinz-Nixdorf Stiftung. HCD owns no shares or shares of pharmaceutical companies or medical technology companies. HCD was involved in the development of guidelines of the DGN, the DSG, the ESC and EHRA. ME received research Grants from Bayer and Roche as well as fees to the Charité by Amgen, Bayer, BMS, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Ever, GSK, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer and Sanofi. CG received research Grants for stroke studies from the DFG and the EU as well as honoraria for Consulting from Bayer Vital, Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Sanofi Aventis, Amgen and Prediction BioSciences. HBH received lecturer and consultant honoraria and travel Grants as well as research funding from Bayer HealthCare, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Novartis and Medtronic. CHN received honoraria for lectures and consulting as well as travel Grants from Boehringer Ingelheim, Bayer HealthCare, Sanofi-Aventis, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gore. MKa received honoraria for lectures and consulting from Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo. DGN received lecture honoraria from Bayer HealthCare, Sanofi-Aventis, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Medtronic; honoraria for lectures and travel Grants from AstraZeneca, Bayer HealthCare, Bristol-Myers Squibb and Pfizer. PK received research support from the European Union, British Heart Foundation, Leducq Foundation, Medical Research Council (UK), DZHK and pharmaceutical companies. A detailed declaration of interest, updated annually, is publicly available on the ESC web site. WP received honoraria for consulting and travel Grants from Sanofi Aventis, research and lecture honoraria from Boehringer Ingelheim, travel Grants from Bayer, lecture honoraria, research Grants and travel Grants from Stryker Neurovascular, research Grants from Novartis Pharma. BP received honoraria for consulting and participation in study committees from Bayer Healthcare, MSD, Novartis, Stealth Peptides, Astra-Zeneca, Menarini and BMS. SP received honoraria for lectures, consulting and travel Grants from Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Daiichi Sankyo and Werfen as well as research Grants from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo und Helena Laboratories. WRS received honoraria for lectures, consulting and travel Grants from Bayer HealthCare, Daiichi Sankyo, Boehringer Ingelheim, Sanofi-Aventis, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb and Medtronic. TS received honoraria from Bayer HealthCare, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichy Sankyo and consulting honoraria from Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichy Sankyo and Medtronic. GT received consulting honoraria for participation in adisory boards, for lectures by Acandis, Bristol-Myers Squibb/Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daichii Sankyo, GlaxoSmithKline and Stryker as well as research Grants from Bayer Vital. RV received honoraria for lectures and consulting from Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, BMS, Pfizer, Medtronic, ApoplexMedical Technologies, Biogen, Amgen, Morphosys, Sanofi, AZT Therapeutics, Portola as well as research Grants from Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Pfizer, Daiicihi Sankyo, Biogen, ApoplexMedical Technologies. UL received honoraria for lectures and consulting from Amgen, Bayer, Berlin-Chemie, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Daiichi-Sankyo, MSD, Sanofi and Servier. JR received honoraria for lectures and/or consulting from Sanofi-Aventis, Pfizer, Lundbeck, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Bayer Vital, Servier as well as the Deutsche Allgemeine Krankenversicherung (DAK) and is PI of studies by Astra Zeneca and Servier. RW received honoraria for consulting and lectures and the care of patients involved in clinical studies from Bayer, Berlin Chemie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, CVRx, Johnson&Johnson, Medtronic, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi and Servier.