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Article History

Received: 7 December 2023

Accepted: 11 March 2024

First Online: 21 May 2024

Declarations

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: S. B. reports grants and personal fees from Abbott Diagnostics, Bayer, Siemens, and Thermo Fisher; grants from Singulex; and personal fees from Abbott, AstraZeneca, Amgen, Medtronic, Pfizer, Roche, Siemens Diagnostics, and Novartis, outside of the submitted work. P. K. was partially supported by the European Union AFFECT-AF (grant agreement 847770), MAESTRIA (grant agreement 965286), British Heart Foundation (PG/17/30/32961; PG/20/22/35093; AA/18/2/34218), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research supported by the German Ministry of Education and Research (DZHK), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Ki 509167694), and Leducq Foundation; receives research support for basic, translational, and clinical research projects from the European Union, British Heart Foundation, Leducq Foundation, Medical Research Council (UK), and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, from several drug and device companies active in atrial fibrillation, and has received honoraria from several such companies in the past, but not in the last 3 years; is listed as inventor on two issued patents held by University of Hamburg (Atrial Fibrillation Therapy WO 2015140571, Markers for Atrial Fibrillation WO 2016012783). All other authors did not declare a conflict of interest.