Document is current

Article History

Received: 5 June 2025

Accepted: 15 August 2025

First Online: 10 September 2025

Declarations

:

: The protocol was approved by the ethics committees at all the trial sites. The study has been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.

: All participants received a clear explanation of the study and provided their written informed consent.

: All authors gave final approval to the manuscript and agreed to publish the manuscript.

: B.E.S. is supported by the H.H. Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al-Thani Research Program and has received research grants to the institution from Boston Scientific, the B. Braun Foundation, the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), the German Heart Research Foundation, Edwards Lifesciences, the Iten-Kohaut Foundation, and the OPO Foundation. B.E.S. has received consulting and speaker fees from Abbott Vascular, Abiomed, and Boston Scientific. C.T. receives consulting and speaker honoraria from Biotronik, Medtronic, Microport, Philips, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, and payment for expert testimony from Microport. F.J.N. serves as Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) member for Novartis and Meril and receives speaker honoraria from Daiichi Sankyo and Amgen and consultancy fees from Meril. F.P. has received research grants to the institution from Novo Nordisk, including speaker or consultant fees. F.R. has not received personal payments from pharmaceutical companies or device manufacturers in the last 3 years (remuneration for the time spent in activities, such as participation as steering committee member of clinical trials and member of the Pfizer Research Award selection committee in Switzerland, were made directly to the University of Zurich). F.R. reports research, educational, and/or travel grants to the institution (University Hospital of Zurich/University of Zurich) from Abbott, Abiomed, Alnylam, Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, At the Limits Ltd., Bayer, Biotronik, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Boston Scientific, Bracco, CM Microport, Concept Medical, CTI, Daiichi Sankyo, Davos Congress, Edwards Lifesciences, FomF GmbH, Hamilton Health Sciences, Holcim, IHF, Innosuisse, IumiraDX, Kantar, LabPoint, MedAlliance, Medcon International, Medical Education Global Solutions, Medtronic, MicroPort, Monocle, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, OM Pharma, Pfizer, Quintiles Switzerland Sarl, RecorMedical, Roche Diagnostics, Roche Pharma, Sahajanand IN, Sanofi, Sarstedt AG, Servier, Sorin SRM SAS, SSS Int., Terumo Deutschland, Trama Solutions, V-Wave, Vifor, and ZOLL. These grants do not impact F.R.’s personal remuneration. I.M.L. has relationships with drug companies including AOP-Health, Actelion-Janssen, MSD, United Therapeutics, Pulnovo, Medtronic, Neutrolis, and Sanofi. In addition to being an investigator in trials involving these companies, relationships include consultancy services, research grants, and membership on scientific advisory boards. L.G. receives consultant and lecture fees from Abiomed, AstraZeneca, Abbott Vascular, Boston Scientific, Edwards Lifesciences, SMT, and Shockwave. M.R. has received advisory fees from Daiichi Sankyo, Sanofi Aventis, COR2ED, and Novartis and lecturing fees from Daiichi Sankyo, Biotronik, and Takeda Pharma, all outside the submitted work. M.S. reports personal fees and non-financial support from Abbott Vascular, personal fees from Abiomed, personal fees from AstraZeneca, grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Boston Scientific, personal fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb, personal fees and non-financial support from Edwards Lifesciences, grants and personal fees from Philips, personal fees from Medtronic, personal fees from Amgen, personal fees from Shockwave Medical, personal fees from Daiichi Sankyo, personal fees from Pfizer, personal fees from Siemens Healthineers, personal fees from Inari Medical, outside the submitted work. N.M. received research and an educational grant from Abiomed to his institution, outside the submitted work, and an educational grant from Boston Scientific to his institution, outside the submitted work. N.M. received personal fees from Abbott, Abiomed, Amgen, AstraZeneca, B. Braun, Biotronik, BMS/Pfizer, Boston Scientific, Daiichi Sankyo, Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic, Novartis, Sanofi Genzyme, and Shockwave, outside the submitted work. P.C. reports previous or current involvement in research contracts, consulting, and speakers bureau and received research and educational grants from Abbott, Abiomed, AliveCor Inc., AstraZeneca, Aventis, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, CeleCor, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli-Lilly, Evolva, Fibrex, Idorsia, IQVIA, Janssen, Merck, Myogen, Medtronic, Mitsubishi Pharma, The Medicines Company, Nycomed, Organon, Pfizer, Pharmacia, Philips, Regado, Sanofi, Searle, Servier, and ViFor Pharma. P.J. reports research grants to the institution from the Swiss Heart Foundation and research or travel grants to the institution without personal remuneration from Abbott, Bayer, and Sanofi-Aventis. T.F.L. does no longer accept any honoraria from industry but has received research and educational grants. T.F.L. has outside this work received research and educational grants to the institution from Abbott, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Roche Diagnostics, Sanofi, and Vifor.