Popescu, Sorin Ștefan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5469-8833
Gasperetti, Alessio
Brachmann, Johannes
Eckardt, Lars
Kuck, Karl-Heinz
Willems, Stephan
Lugenbiel, Patrick https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3886-0930
Akin, Ibrahim https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1974-6147
Meyer, Christian
Schmidtke, Claudia
Schneider, Steffen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3256-0726
Hochadel, Matthias https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0499-704X
Senges, Jochen https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3547-2126
Tilz, Roland Richard https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0122-7130
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein - Campus Lübeck
Article History
Received: 29 June 2025
Accepted: 19 October 2025
First Online: 1 December 2025
Declarations
:
: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Landesaerztekammer Rheinland-Pfalz.
: RRT has received honoraria for lectures from Pfizer, Abbott, Biosense Webster, Boston Scientific, Doctrina Med, cme4u, Medtronic, Radcliff Cardiology, and Wikonect. He has received honoraria for advisory board participation and consulting from Boston Scientific, Biosense Webster, Capvision, Guidepoint, Haemonetics, Medtronic, Philips, and Abbott. His institution has received research funding or participated in clinical trials sponsored by Biotronik, Abbott, Boston Scientific, Medtronic, Lifetech, and Johnson & Johnson. He has also received travel grants from Biosense Webster, Abbott, Boston Scientific, Medtronic, and Philips. SSP is a medical consultant by Active Health and has received travel grants and congress grants from Lifetech and educational grants and speaker grants from Abbott Medical. KHK reports grants and personal fees from Abbott Vascular, Medtronic, and Biosense Webster outside the submitted work. All other authors have declared that no competing interests exist.