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Authors
Becher, Nina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4476-1341
Hochadel, Matthias https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0499-704X
Senges, Jochen https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3547-2126
Eckardt, Lars https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3735-8503
Ince, Hüseyin
Kleemann, Thomas
Stellbrink, Christoph https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8429-2826
Brachmann, Johannes https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9221-9856
Jung, Werner https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1320-8091
Voss, Frederik https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5372-9228
Kirchhof, Paulus https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1881-0197
Toennis, Tobias https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7351-0621
Metzner, Andreas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6818-6396
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE)
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Article History
Received: 4 May 2025
Accepted: 30 November 2025
First Online: 22 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study complies with all regulations and statutes of the Declaration of Helsinki. The registry was approved by the ethics committee of the state medical.
: NB received speaker fees from Medtronic and Abbott and received an educational grant form Biotronik all outside this submitted work. AM received speaker fees from Medtronic, Biosense Webster, Boston Scientific, Bayer, BMS, Abbott, Lifetech and is consultant for Medtronic, Biosense Webster and Boston Scientific. PK received research support for basic, translational, and clinical research projects from European Union, British Heart Foundation, Leducq Foundation, Medical Research Council (UK), and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, from several drug and device companies active in atrial fibrillation, and has received honoraria from several such companies in the past, but not in the last five years. PK is listed as inventor on two issued patents held by University of Hamburg (Atrial Fibrillation Therapy WO 2015140571, Markers for Atrial Fibrillation WO 2016012783). The other authors had nothing to declare.
