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Article History

Received: 3 July 2025

Accepted: 21 November 2025

First Online: 17 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was approved by the institutional review boards of the participating centers (J.W. Goethe University: No. 232/16; University of Szeged: No. 5514), and it conforms to the ethical guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: N/A, due to the retrospective manner of the study.

: None.

: F.H. reports lecture fee from ZOLL Medical, travel grants from Boston Scientific, Abbott; Medtronic; ZOLL. T. J. K. reports of lecture fee from ZOLL Medical and travel grants from Biotronik. S.-T. reports educational activity/advisory relationship with Biotronik, and until 2022, he was in educational/advisory/product development relationships with Ablacon Inc., Abbott, Acutus Medical, Biosense Webster, and Stereotaxis. RW has received consultant fees, speaking honoraria and travel expenses from Biotronik, Boston Scientific and Medtronic; investigator-initiated funding for research projects (initiated by him) from Bristol-Myers Squibb/Pfizer, and Boston Scientific. J. W. E. reports receiving consultant fees, travel support and lecture fees from Zoll Medical; travel grants from Bayer Vital, Boehringer Ingelheim, Boston Scientific, St. Jude Medical/Abbott, Novartis and Pfizer; and lecture fees from Alexion, Servier, Medtronic, Pfizer and Bayer Vital and was a fellow of the Boston Scientific heart rhythm fellowship program and the Biotronik Digital International Fellowship. M.V. reports educational activity and advisory relationship with Biotronik, and educational activity on behalf of Boston Scientific, KRKA, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, and Pfizer. All other authors have nothing to disclose.