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Article History

Received: 7 January 2026

Accepted: 21 May 2026

First Online: 15 June 2026

Declarations

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: Jonas Sundermeyer is supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG, grant number 546376900), received travel grants from the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), and reported participation in an Abiomed-sponsored educational course.Benedikt N. Beer reports research funding from German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG; grant number 535014557). He also reports research funding (grant number 81X4710101) and travel grants from the German Center for Cardiovascular Research supported by the German Ministry of Education and Research (DZHK) as well as travel grants from the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), all outside the submitted work.Carsten Skurk received lecture/procter fees from Abbott, Boston Scientific, Inari, and Abiomed, all outside of the submitted work.Peter Lüdike received honoraria for lectures and scientific grants from Edwards Lifesciences outside the submitted work.Tienush Rassaf has received honoraria, lecture fees, and grant support from Edwards Lifesciences, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Novartis, Berlin Chemie, Daiicho-Sankyo, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, Cardiac Dimensions, and Pfizer, all unrelated to this work. He is co-founder of Bimyo GmbH, a company that develops cardioprotective peptides.Stefan Kluge received research support from Biotest, CytoSorbents, Daiichi Sankyo, and Fresenius Medical Care. He also received lecture fees from ADVITOS, CSL Behring, Fresenius Medical Care, Gilead, MSD, Pfizer, Shionogi, and Zoll. He received consultant fees from ADVITOS, AstraZeneca, Fresenius, Gilead, MSD, and Pfizer, all outside the submitted work.Alastair Proudfoot is funded by a Medical Research Council Clinical Academic Research Partnership Award Ref: MR/W03011X/1 and the Barts Charity. He has received institutional grants from J&J MedTech and Getinge.Paulus Kirchhof was partially supported by European Union MAESTRIA (grant agreement 965286), British Heart Foundation (AA/18/2/34218), German Center for Cardiovascular Research supported by the German Ministry of Education and Research (DZHK, grant numbers DZHK FKZ 81X2800182, 81Z0710116, and 81Z0710110), German Research Foundation (Ki 509167694), Dutch Heart Foundation (DHF), the Accelerating Clinical Trials funding stream in Canada, and the Else-Kröner-Fresenius Foundation.Stefan Blankenberg received honoraria for lectures and chairs from Abbott, AMGEN, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Meyer Squib, Daiichi Sankyo, GlaxoSmithKline, LumiraDx, NOVARTIS, Roche Diagnostics, and Thermo Fisher.Benedikt Schrage received research support from Abiomed, the German Research Foundation, the Else Kröner-Fresensius-Stiftung, the German Center for Cardiovascular Research, and the University of Hamburg, as well as speaker fee from Abiomed, Abbott, AstraZeneca, and Inari, all outside of the submitted work.The other authors did not report any relevant disclosures.