Murakami, Kentaro
Livingstone, M. Barbara E.
Sasaki, Satoshi
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (H29-jyunkankitou-ippan-006)
Article History
Received: 10 December 2017
Accepted: 23 June 2018
First Online: 27 June 2018
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: This survey was conducted according to the guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki, and verbal informed consent was obtained from all individual participants. Under the Statistics Act, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare anonymized individual-level data collected from the NHNSJ, and provided the first author with the datasets for this study. In accordance with the Ethical Guidelines of Epidemiological Research established by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, an institutional review board approval was not required for this analysis.
: All authors declare that there was no conflict of interest.
: This work was supported in part by the Health and Labour Sciences Research Grant (No. H29-jyunkankitou-ippan-006) from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan. The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare had no role in the design, analysis or writing of this article.