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Authors
Seesen, Mathuramat https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4705-2380
Chang, Kiara
Parnham, Jennie C.
Laverty, Anthony A.
Millett, Christopher
Rauber, Fernanda
Levy, Renata B.
White, Martin
Gregg, Edward W.
Vamos, Eszter P.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
School for Public Health Research (NIHR 204000)
Medical Research Council (MC/UU/00006/7)
Imperial College London (President’s PhD Scholarships)
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Article History
Received: 2 September 2024
Accepted: 2 June 2025
First Online: 26 June 2025
Declarations
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: This study did not require ethics approval as the NDNS data is publicly available. The NDNS has been conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki and upon approval of UK National Health Service Health Research Authority Research Ethics Committee []. All participants signed an informed consent form, and parents signed on behalf of their children under 16 [].
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
