Zahra, Sabeen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-3399
Wiggins, Fraser https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8416-5666
Corfe, Bernard M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0449-2228
Williams, Elizabeth A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1431-7549
Article History
Received: 9 August 2024
Accepted: 15 July 2025
First Online: 9 October 2025
Declarations
:
: SZ and FW state no conflict of interest. EAW and BMC have received previous support from BetterYou Ltd for vitamin D related research.
: This study was approved by the University of Sheffield Medical School Research Ethics Committee (SMBRER015586) and was performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. All participants gave their informed consent prior to their inclusion in the study.
: Written informed consent was obtained prior to participation in the study.