Kawasaki, Yui https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3641-4534
Nagao-Sato, Sayaka https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6721-0422
Shimpo, Misa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5287-1217
Akamatsu, Rie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3545-5980
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Institute for SDGs Promotion, Ochanomizu University (the Institute for SDGs Promotion, Ochanomizu University)
grants-in-aid from the Nakatani Suzuyo Memorial Fund for Nutrition and Dietetics, Tokyo, Japan (grants-in-aid from the Nakatani Suzuyo Memorial Fund for Nutrition and Dietetics, Tokyo, Japan)
the Ochanomizu University Nagase Research Scholarship (the Ochanomizu University Nagase Research Scholarship)
Article History
Received: 28 October 2024
Accepted: 17 October 2025
First Online: 18 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declared no conflict of interest.
: This study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Research Ethics Board (no. 2022–166). All participants were informed of the study’s aim and voluntarily provided their consent online.