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Authors
Rei, Mariana https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8945-3708
Silva, Catarina Campos https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4146-9070
Torres, Duarte https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8960-2160
Sage, Colin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-4815
Rodrigues, Sara https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0647-5018
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, I.P. (2021.04955.BD)
FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, I.P. (https://doi.org/10.54499/LA/P/0064/2020)
FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, I.P. (https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/04750/2020)
EEA Grants Program, Public Health Initiatives (PT06-000088SI3)
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Article History
Received: 26 June 2025
Accepted: 30 October 2025
First Online: 1 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors report that there are no competing interests to declare.
: This research involved additional processing of previously collected personal data from the IAN-AF that had previously obtained ethical approval from the National Commission for Data Protection, the Ethical Committee of the Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto, and the Ethical Commissions of each of the Regional Administration of Health. All participants were asked to provide their written informed consent for participation according to the Ethical Principles for Medical Research involving human subjects expressed in the Declaration of Helsinki and the national legislation. Moreover, this study utilized a pseudo-anonymized database of IAN-AF.
