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Authors
Chung, Swin Xin
Shahar, Suzana
Ajit Singh, Devinder Kaur
Malek Rivan, Nurul Fatin
Abdul Karim, Norwahidah
Nik Fuad, Nik Farhan
Ong, Ying Qian
Arifin, Asnida
Abd Rahni, Ashrani Aizzuddin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
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Article History
Received: 6 November 2024
Accepted: 25 September 2025
First Online: 2 January 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no competing interests that are relevant to the content of this article. None of them was being employed by either UNO Nutrition Sdn. Bhd. Or Quantum Upstream Sdn. Bhd. at the time of study.
: This study received approval from the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Research Ethics Committee (JEP-2019-208). All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in the study. Participation was solely on voluntary basis, and participants were explained about their right to opt out of the study at any time for any reason, without having to face any consequences or penalties. Likewise, the research team reseerved the right to withdraw any participants from the study if them deemed it to be in his or her best interest.
