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Authors
Kawata, Daisuke https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2355-5259
Nakano, Ayatake
Ueno, Hiroshi M.
Tatara, Yota
Sasaki, Eiji
Ishibashi, Yasuyuki
Tamada, Yoshinori
Mikami, Tatsuya
Murashita, Koichi
Nakaji, Shigeyuki
Itoh, Ken
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Article History
Received: 21 May 2025
Accepted: 21 November 2025
First Online: 6 December 2025
Change Date: 8 January 2026
Change Type: Update
Change Details: Licence type has been updated from ‘‘CC BY-NC-ND’’ to ‘‘CC BY’’
Declarations
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: D.K., H.M.U, and A.N. are employees of Megmilk Snow Brand. The Megmilk Snow Brand funded the Department of Precision Nutrition for Dairy Foods at Hirosaki University and provided human resources and infrastructure for this study. The Megmilk Snow Brand manufactures and sells dairy foods, including lactose-hydrolyzed milk, in Japan and some Asian and Oceanian countries. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments and was approved by the Internal Review Board of Hirosaki University (ref.: 2023-007-1 and HCN2024-1-0408, approved on May 2, 2023, and April 8, 2024, respectively), and was registered in the Japanese Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000040459, ).
: All included participants provided written informed consent at the time of enrolment in the IHPP 2023 in June 2023, and the opt-out procedure for this study was completed in April 2024.
