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Authors
Adebayo, Folasade A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-1735
Itkonen, Suvi T. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1635-8229
Jääskeläinen, Tuija https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6263-2298
Härkänen, Tommi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4577-1808
Cashman, Kevin D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8185-1039
Erkkola, Maijaliisa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6966-1523
Lamberg-Allardt, Christel https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7326-1904
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Helsinki
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Article History
Received: 23 December 2024
Accepted: 29 December 2025
First Online: 24 January 2026
Change Date: 5 March 2026
Change Type: Update
Change Details: Tables 1, 2 and references have been updated
Declarations
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: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
: The protocol for Health 2000 was approved by the Ethical Committee for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, and the protocol for Health 2011 was approved by the Coordinating Ethics Committee at the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa in Finland. The studies were conducted according to the guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethics approval for the usage and linkage of survey datasets to national registers was obtained from the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all individuals involved in the studies.
