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Comparable improvements in selective, but not sustained, attention in response to a multi-ingredient nootropic formulation when compared with caffeine

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-026-03926-8

Published Online: 2026-03-02

Published Print: 2026-03

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Hearris, Mark A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4909-6755
Langan-Evans, Carl https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1120-6592
Foo, Wee-Lun https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8702-9898
Garrigan, Calum

Starke, Lynn

Rendeiro, Catarina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1225-7105
Williams, Claire https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4452-671X
Jackson, Philippa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9492-134X
Morton, James P. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2776-2542
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Science in Sport PLC
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-03-01

Version of Record valid from 2026-03-02
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Article History

Received: 2 September 2025

Accepted: 8 February 2026

First Online: 2 March 2026

Declarations

:

: All participants were fully informed of the experimental procedures and potential risks associated with the study before providing written informed consent prior to participation. All trials were conducted at Liverpool John Moores University (Liverpool, UK) following approval from LJMU Research Ethics Committee (UREC) (Approval Ref: 20/SPS/058).

: Not applicable.

: MAH has previously received research funding from Science in Sport (SiS) on glycogen metabolism and exercise. JPM is a consultant for SiS and has previously received research funding from SiS. CLE, WLF, CG, LS, CR, CW and PJ all declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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