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Authors
Martins, Raquel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6192-2266
Fernandes, João
Feteira-Santos, Rodrigo
Virgolino, Ana
Santos Loureiro, Rita
Silva, Mário
Camolas, José
Santos, Osvaldo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universidade de Lisboa
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Article History
Received: 7 January 2026
Accepted: 16 June 2026
First Online: 29 June 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, and all data were processed in compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation. Approval was obtained by the Ethics Committee of the Centro Acadámico de Medicina de Lisboa (Ref No. 252/25). Written informed consent was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of all participants; forms were distributed and collected by the teacher responsible for each class. Only children who voluntarily agreed to participate were enrolled in the study. Both parents and children were informed that participation was voluntary and that they could withdraw at any time without any consequences for school activities.
