Liu, Zhen https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7443-3271
van Bruinessen, Marieke https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7960-7854
Heuven, Lise A. J. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4156-8252
Lasschuijt, Marlou P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1279-6742
Stieger, Markus https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8736-6026
Forde, Ciarán G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4001-9182
Funding for this research was provided by:
Dutch Top-Consortium for Knowledge and Innovation Agri & Food (TKI-Agri-food) Project Restructure (TKI 22.150)
Article History
Received: 25 March 2026
Accepted: 26 June 2026
First Online: 3 July 2026
Change Date: 21 July 2026
Change Type: Update
Change Details: Figures 2–5 have been moved from Discussion section to Results section
Declarations
Competing interests: CGF has received financial support for research from Ajinomoto, Ferrero (Somartec), Tate and Lyle, and the Dutch Public-private partnerships scheme, TKI Top Sector Agri-Food program (the Nether-lands), and is a member of the Scientific committee of Lesaffre and the Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutritional Science (IAFNS, non-nutritive sweetener committee).