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Article History

Received: 23 October 2024

Revised: 6 January 2025

Accepted: 26 January 2025

First Online: 20 February 2025

Declarations

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: Alexander Bernhardt is inventor of a patent application related to this work. Sebastian Longen reports full-time employment by AESKU.Diagnostics GmbH. In addition, he is inventor of a patent application related to this work. Svenja V. Trossbach reports full-time employment by MODAG GmbH. In addition, she is inventor of a patent application related to this work. Daniel Weckbecker reports full-time employment by MODAG GmbH, he is inventor of a patent application related to this work. He is beneficiary of the phantom share program of MODAG GmbH. Felix Schmidt reports full-time employment by MODAG GmbH. He is inventor of a patent application related to this work. He is beneficiary of the phantom share program of MODAG GmbH. Günter Höglinger is inventor of patents related to the treatment of synucleinopathies (United States Patent No.: US 10,918,628 B2, European Patent Patent No.: EP 17 787 904.6–1109 / 3 525 788). Torsten Matthias is CEO and shareholder of MODAG GmbH and AESKU.Diagnostics GmbH. In addition, he is inventor of a patent application related to this work. Johannes Levin reports speaker fees from Bayer Vital, Biogen, EISAI, TEVA and Roche, consulting fees from Axon Neuroscience and Biogen, author fees from Thieme medical publishers and W. Kohlhammer GmbH medical publishers. In addition, he reports compensation for serving as chief medical officer for MODAG GmbH, is beneficiary of the phantom share program of MODAG GmbH. He is inventor of a patent application related to this work. Armin Giese reports employment by and being a shareholder of MODAG GmbH. He is inventor of a patent application related to this work. All other authors have no other competing interests to report.