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Authors
Kivistö, Ville
Englert, Benjamin
Tuimala, Jarno
Kok, Eloise
Puttonen, Henri
Raunio, Anna
Karhunen, Pekka J.
Lehtinen, Maria K.
Borghammer, Per
Ahvenainen, Ella
Colangelo, Kia
Savola, Sara
Tanskanen, Maarit
Kaivola, Karri
Tienari, Pentti J.
Kumar, Darshan
Paetau, Anders
Tynninen, Olli
Mäyränpää, Mikko I.
Polvikoski, Tuomo
Myllykangas, Liisa
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Suomen Lääketieteen Säätiö
Suomen Kulttuurirahasto
Sigrid Juselius Foundation
Lundbeck Foundation
Jascha Fonden
Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research
Riisfort Fonden
Parkinsonforeningen
Sundhed og Sygdom, Det Frie Forskningsråd
Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation
Research Council of Finland (341007)
Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (TYH2022316)
Medicinska Understödsföreningen Liv och Hälsa
Finska Läkaresällskapet
University of Helsinki
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Article History
Received: 27 May 2025
Revised: 16 July 2025
Accepted: 20 July 2025
First Online: 1 August 2025
Declarations
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: P.J.T. holds a patent on C9orf72 in the diagnostics and treatment of ALS/FTD and has made paid consultations for Roche, Biogen, Merck, Lundbeck, Sanofi-Genzyme and Novartis unrelated to the subject of this study. H.P. has provided paid pathology consulting services for Aiforia Technologies Oyj in unrelated projects. All other authors report no competing interests.
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: In the Vantaa 85 + study, each participant and/or their relatives have given informed consent for the study and relatives have given written consent for autopsy. In accordance with the Finnish national ethical standards and the Act on the Medical Use of Human Organs, Tissues and Cells (101/2001), which allow using post-mortem samples collected as part of medical or forensic autopsies in research, informed consent was not obtained (or required) for the Helsinki Biobank and TSDS cohorts.
