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Authors
Artzi, Sara Blaabjerg
Klausen, Marc Nihøj
Harwood, Dylan Scott Lykke
Michaelsen, Signe Regner
Maarup, Simone Bendix
Locallo, Alessio
Fougner, Vincent
Bager, Nicolai Schou
Hammouda, Nadine Margaretha
Nørøxe, Dorte Schou
Hasselbalch, Benedikte
Lassen, Ulrik
Weischenfeldt, Joachim
Kristensen, Bjarne Winther
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Article History
Received: 6 June 2025
Revised: 13 August 2025
Accepted: 8 September 2025
First Online: 17 September 2025
Declarations
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: U.L. received research funding from Bristol Myers Squibb related to the clinical trial drug nivolumab. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest.
: This study includes samples obtained from patients enrolled in a previously published and registered clinical trial of neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade in GBM (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03890952, registered on March 25, 2019), approved by the Danish Ethical Committee (EudraCT 2017–003925-13). Informed consent was obtained from all trial participants prior to enrollment. The study also includes control samples approved by the Regional Committee on Health Research Ethics for the Capital Region of Denmark (Project-ID: H-20027055). A separate approval for genomic analyses (whole-exome/whole-genome sequencing) was also granted (Project-ID: H-21023801/112566). The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and authorized by the Danish Data Protection Agency (file number: P-2020–695).
