Hartman, Shahar
Aytan, Nurgul
Nicks, Raymond
Hawkins, Samantha
Cherry, Jonathan
Alvarez, Victor E.
Meng, Gaoyuan
Tripodis, Yorghos
Martin, Brett
Palmisano, Joseph
Goldstein, Lee E.
Katz, Douglas I.
Dwyer, Brigid
Daneshvar, Daniel H.
Crary, John F.
Alosco, Michael
Xia, Weiming
McKee, Ann C.
Mez, Jesse
Stein, Thor D.
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Aging Boston University AD Research Center (P30AG072978-McKee)
National Institute of Aging Boston University AD Research (P30AG072978-McKee)
National Institute of Aging (R01AG090553, R01NS132290, R01AG087199, R01NS139383, P30AG066514-06, R01AG075876-Zhang, Stein, Zaia)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS142076, R01 NS119651, R01NS093870, RF1NS122854- Alosco, U54NS115266-McKee, U54NS115266)
Veterans Affairs (BX004349)
National Center for PTSD (U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs)
NIH/NIA (3P30-AG13846-23)
EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT (5R01HD104772)
National Institute of Nursing Research (5R01 NR020752-03)
NIA (R01AG061028)
National institute of Aging (1RF1NS122854)
National Institute of Aging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (5R01 NS119651-04)
National Institutes of Health (75N92024R0245)
National Institute of Neurological disorders and Stroke (1U01 NS137483-01)
Concussion Legacy Foundation
Andlinger Foundation
WWE
United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Veterans Affairs Biorepository (BX002466)
BLRD Merit Award (I01BX005933 (CTE-AD))
Alzheimer’s Association (NIRG-305779, NIRG-362697)
, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (RF1NS122854- Alosco)
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (75N92019D00031)
Department of Defense Peer Reviewed Alzheimer’s Research Program (PRARP #13267017)
Military Exposures Research Program Award United States (U.S.) Department of Veterans Affairs Biomedical Laboratory R&D Service (1I01BX005161)
Article History
Received: 7 July 2025
Revised: 28 October 2025
Accepted: 29 October 2025
First Online: 20 November 2025
Declarations
:
: Michael L Alosco receives research support from Life Molecular Imaging Inc. He also receives Royalities from Oxford University Press Inc and receive honorarium from Michael J Fox Foundation for services unrelated to this study. Yorghos Tripodis reports payment to self by the American Medical Association for editorial services. Douglas Katz receives Royalties from Demos/Springer publishers for Textbook on TBI with chapter on CTE Daniel H. Daneshvar conducts Expert medicolegal work related to TBI and SCI, receives research and clinical support from the NFLPA, and is a Member of NFLPA Mackey-White Health and Safety Committee.