Ghayal, Nikhil B.
Crook, Richard J.
Jain, Angita
Sachdeva, Gunveen
Jiang, Peizhou
Roemer, Shanu F.
Sekiya, Hiroaki
DeTure, Michael A.
Baker, Matthew C.
De Coster, Wouter
Oskarsson, Björn
Josephs, Keith A.
Rademakers, Rosa
van Blitterswijk, Marka M.
Dickson, Dennis W.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Mayo Clinic (P30 AG062677)
CurePSP
Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research
Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (R01-AG037491)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, United States (UG3 NS103870)
Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (G064223N)
Article History
Received: 26 June 2025
Revised: 31 October 2025
Accepted: 1 November 2025
First Online: 12 November 2025
Declarations
:
: DWD, KAJ and RR are members of the Acta Neuropathologica editorial board, but were not involved at any stage in the handling of this manuscript. RR receives invention royalties from a patent related to progranulin. KAJ is an Associate Editor of Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Mayo Clinic and University of Antwerp Institutional Review Boards. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. All autopsies were obtained with consent from the legal next-of-kin or someone legally authorized to make this decision and conducted with the explicit assumption that the tissue will be used for diagnostic evaluation and research. The collection of tissue samples was approved by the Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board.